$Who Earns What

How much does a judge make?

US Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates

Answer: A typical judge in the United States makes $153,990 a year (median, May 2025, US Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Yearly pay of a typical person doing this job in the US
$153,990

Line up 100 people; this is the one in the middle (median). about 24,000 people work in this job. Well above the US-wide typical pay ($50,980).

Lower earner
$46,950
10th from the bottom of 100
Typical person
$153,990
Right in the middle (median)
Higher earner
$221,710
10th from the top of 100

If 100 people had this job

Lowest at bottom-left, highest at top-right

Hover over a person to see their yearly pay

51 of 100
more than half

Judge pay in the United States (May 2025, median and spread)

Judge pay in the United States (May 2025, median and spread) — Data: US BLS OEWS, May 2025
Lower earner (10th from bottom)Typical person (median)Higher earner (10th from top)People in this job
$46,950$153,990$221,710about 24,000
States where judges earn the most (median, May 2025)
StateTypical person (median)People in this job
Massachusetts$221,710about 610
New York$216,390about 2,000
New Jersey$204,160about 920
Colorado$198,790about 620
Minnesota$190,110about 590

Why does pay differ?

In the US, pay varies with a judge’s court position and jurisdiction: federal law ties some judicial roles’ pay to another judge’s salary, while state salaries vary by position and state. A law license and legal experience are usually needed to qualify.

What if you lived in a different state?

Pay varies a lot by state in the US
Whole US$153,990
Massachusetts$221,710
New York$216,390
New Jersey$204,160
Colorado$198,790
Minnesota$190,110
South Carolina$86,210
Alabama$52,850
Michigan$51,210

Top 5 and bottom 3 states, typical (median) yearly pay.

What does a judge do?

Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.

What's a typical day like?

A judge reads legal papers, then hears both sides in a courtroom and keeps the proceedings fair. The judge applies the law, makes rulings, and explains the law to jurors in a jury trial.

How to get this job

In the US, complete a four-year bachelor’s degree and three years of law school, get a law license, and gain experience as a lawyer. Most judges are then appointed or elected.

Graduate degree or long training (preparation level 5 of 5)

Good for people who like leading and selling and keeping things organized.

Did you know?

US judges may be called at night or on weekends to make urgent decisions, such as approving search warrants or restraining orders.

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Sources and data

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS May 2025 (bls.gov); descriptions and related jobs from O*NET 31.0. Figures as of May 2025, full-time yearly pay (hourly × 2,080 hours). bls.gov/oes · O*NET OnLine

Pages used for the text

Data: US BLS OEWS, May 2025 · 1 USD = 150 JPY